Beam-Specimen Interactions

        Secondary Electrons
        Backscattered Electrons
        X-Rays
        Auger Electrons
        Cathodeluminescence
        Specimen current
        Transmitted Electrons
 
 

X-Ray Microanalysis
        EDX detectors
        WDX detectors
        Bragg Equation
 

Electron Diffraction

EELS and ESI
        EELS
        ESI

Replicas and Shadowing

Cryopreservation
        Cryoprotectants
        Freeze-Drying
        Cryosectioning

Freeze Fracture

Immunoelectron Microscopy

Enzyme Cytochemistry

Photography
        Micrographs as Data
        Captions and Labels
        Plate construction
        Micrographs as Art
        Presentation Micrographs

Image Processing
        Image Capture
        Contrast
        Noise Reduction
        Output Devices
 

   Image Analysis
        Processing
        Storage
        Digital Images as Negatives

Scanning Confocal Microscopy
        Nipkow disk
        Scanning Laser Microscope

Digital Confocal Microscopy

Stereo Pairs

Low Voltage SEM

Intermediate and High Voltage E.M.

Scanning Probe Microscopes