| |
Arabic and Other Islamic Languages (Persian, Turkish, Urdu, Malay, and Indonesian)
Table of Contents
Arabic Study at UGA
Arabic Study Abroad
Scholarships for Arabic Study Abroad
Online Arabic Books and Downloadable Arabic Library
On-line Arabic Bookstores
Arabic Computing
Arabic Language and Culture Links
Transliteration of Arabic: Rules and Fonts
Other Islamic Languages Resources (Persian, Turkish, Urdu, Malay,
and Indonesian)
Arabic Study at UGA
Arabic is both an Asian and African language. It is the language of
roughly 208 million people: 110 million in Asia and 98 million in
Africa. In addition, it is the liturgical language of about one billion
Muslims throughout the world.
At UGA we offer a three year (six semester) sequence in Modern Standard
Arabic (MSA):
ARAB1001-2 Beginning, Prof. Bhuiyan; 2003-4 Intermediate, Prof. Bhuiyan; and 3005-6 Advanced, Dr.
Honerkamp. These courses can be followed by Arabic 4201-2
(Advanced Conversation and Composition in MSA), Arabic 4300 (Media
Arabic), and Arabic 4107 (Islamic Arabic I, taught by Dr. Honerkamp) and
Arabic 4108 (Islamic Arabic II., taught by Dr. Godlas). Note that
ARAB3005-6 are prerequisites for 4000 level classes, but these may be
taken concurrently.
Professor Bhuiyan teaches the first two years of Arabic, 1001-2, 2003-4.
UGA will also be hosting one or two federally funded Foreign Language
Teaching Assistants for Arabic.
Arabic Minor
Currently we offer a minor in Arabic comprised of 15 semester hours.
Students must take Arabic 2003, 2004, 3005, and 3006, in addition to one
additional course at the 4000 level or above--except for Arabic 4100. A
minimum grade of "C" must be earned in each course.
Arabic Major
Pending official approval, we expect that we will be able to offer a
major in Arabic in 2008 consisting tentatively of the following:
Required Courses: 21 semester hours
Seven courses of upper division Arabic, consisting of ARAB3005-6 Advanced Arabic,
ARAB 4107-4108 Islamic Arabic, ARAB 4201-4202 Arabic Conversation and Composition, ARAB 4300 Media Arabic.
Major Electives: 15 hours
Courses in a foreign Language through the third semester including Persian, Turkish,
Indonesian, Urdu, Bengali, Swahili, French, German, Spanish, Russian, Chinese (9
hours);
any non-required Arabic upper division course such as ARAB 4000, ARAB 4100;
RELI 4300, 4301, 4302, 4303, 4304, 4305, 4307, 4310; History 3561, 3562,
3564, 3570H, 3580, 4530, 4560, 4580; INTL 4370, 4490
Area F (Courses Related to the Major): 18 hrs
ARAB 1001-1002 (Beginning Arabic), 2003-2004 (Intermediate Arabic), plus
an additional 6 semesters hours of course work chosen from any of the
following areas: beginning/intermediate courses in Persian, Turkish,
Urdu, Bengali, Indonesian, Swahili, anthropology, art, geography,
history, international relations, linguistics, comparative literature,
music, philosophy, political science, religion, sociology.
General Electives: 24 hrs
Upper division (3-15 hours)
Any level (9-21 hours)
All ARAB courses must receive a grade of "C" (2.0) or above to count
toward major.
Students considering majoring in Arabic should ideally begin studying
Arabic in their freshman year.
Undergraduate
Classes Offered in Arabic
Graduate
Classes Offered in Arabic
For information on our MA program in Religion with a concentration in
Arabic and Islamic Studies, see the page, Courses Taught and
Programs Supervised by Dr. Godlas (link fixed 26 December 2005).
Arabic Study Abroad
Islam,
Islamic Culture, and Arabic in Morocco A Maymester program centered in Marrakech and directed by Dr. Godlas and Dr.
Honerkamp of the University of Georgia.
For information on programs for intensive study of Arabic abroad see the
article Arabic
Study Programs in the Arab World, by Professors Barbara R. von
Schlegell and John Hayes. (Fixed, July 4, 1999; December 29, 2002)
Scholarships for Study Abroad
National Security Education
Program offers American citizens
scholarships for language study abroad. Students studying Arabic, Persian, and
Turkish are given special consideration since these languages are among those deemed
particularly important to the national interest.
The University System of Georgia Board of Regents awards scholarships
for study abroad to students who are enrolled in a University System of
Georgia School (link fixed 26 December 2005).
Any student in the University System of Georgia in good standing can apply
study abroad scholarships. The scholarships can be
used on any study abroad program, not just programs in the
System. Students must send their scholarship applications directly to the
institution at
which they are enrolled in a degree program. UGA students should submit
their applications at the Office of International Education (link fixed 13 March 2005). Deadlines are posted for each study abroad program.
The new application for
annual study abroad opportunities is ready. Information on it and
other scholarships for UGA students is available at Office of International Education site
(link
fixed, Dec. 7, 2003).
Note that Georgia
residents who qualify for a Hope scholarship can use their scholarship to study abroad.
Online Arabic Books or Downloadable Arabic Books
Lane's Arabic-English
Lexicon This is the best Arabic-English dictionary (derived from
the great classical Arabic dictionaries) of classical
Arabic, marred only by the fact that Lane died before he could complete
it. Hence some entries from the letter "qaf" until the end of the
alphabet are incomplete. A supplement was compiled for many of the
incomplete entries; and these are included in this online edition at the
end of the entries for each letter beginning from "qaf" until the end.
Al-Mawsu'a al-shamila (The
Comprehensive Encyclopedia) is a online and searchable library of
roughly 5000 books including most of the major classical Arabic Islamic
texts. It is organized in
three
large categories (each of which has a number of subcategories):
1) Doctrines and the Sciences of the Qur'an and Hadith;
2) The Sciences of Islamic Jurisprudence; and 3) Other Sciences
Each one of these broad categories can be searched, which can be a
time saver. Also, the entire website accepts Boolean searches, in which
by enclosing a phrase in quotation marks, the search will only produce
results that have the search terms in the order enclosed by quotation
marks. All of the subcategories and the titles included therein can be
viewed at Khizanat
al-kutub (The Repository of the Books). The books in each
subcategory can be searched by clicking on the subcategory from this
Khizanat page.
Researchers tracking down authors or book titles would do well to search
the subcategory of Al-Tarajim
wa-al-tabaqat,
since
among other useful sources searched in that
category are the 20th century bio-bibliographical works of Zirikli
Al-'Alam and Kahhala Mu'jam
al-mu'allifin, which cites Hajji
Khalifa's Kashf al-zunun and Baghdadi's Hadiyat
al-'arifin as well as al-Zirikli's
Al-'Alam. In addition, for tracking down authors or book titles,
select the subcategory Faharis
al-kutub, which
among other books searches Hajji Khalifa's Kashf al-zunun and
Baghdadi's Hadiyat
al-'arifin as well as al-Kattani's Fihris al-faharis.
In subcategory 'Ulum
al-lugha al-'arabiya, the
great classical Arabic dictionaries such as Lisan al-'arab and
Taj al-'arus can be searched.
A number of important Sufi texts are in the library, most being
included in the section Kutub al-akhlaq
wa-al-raqa'iq, where they can be searched. Among these texts are
al-Sulami's Adab
al-suhba and 'Uyub al-nafs, al-Makki's Qut al-qulub,
Ansari's Manazil al-sa'irin, al-Qushayri's
Risala, al-Nifari's al-Mawaqif
wa-al-mukhatabat, al-Ghazali's
Ihya' 'ulum al-din, Ibn 'Ajiba's Iqaz
al-himam fi sharh al-Hikam
al-din. Major Sufi hagiographical texts that are included in the Al-Tarajim
wa-al-Tabaqat section are al-Sulami's Tabaqat
al-Sufiya and Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani's Hilyat al-awliya. A
few Sufi or Sufi influenced Qur'an commentaries (Qushayri's Lata'if
al-isharat, al-Tha'labi's Kashf al-bayan,
Isma'il Haqqi Bursali/Bursevi's Ruh al-bayan, Ibn 'Ajiba's
Bahr al-madid, and Alusi's Ruh al-ma'ani can be searched
in the subcategory Kutub
al-tafsir.
A smaller but very useful online collection of classical Arabic Islamic
texts is at www.muhaddith.org
Researchers can choose whatever books they want to search. In particular
its copy of Lisan al-'arab (in the subcategory of
Ma'ajim) is vocalized (and well-formatted in the search results).
Al-Waraq On-line Library of Classical Arabic
Texts This used to be a very useful searchable database, but now,
unfortunately, there is a $90 yearly fee (or $10 per month).
Containing over a million pages in Arabic organized in the following categories: Adab,
History, Ansab, Geography and Travelogues, Hadith, Tarajim, Philosophy and Logic, 'Ulum
al-qur'an, 'Ulum al-hadith, 'Ulum al-lugha, 'Aqida, Medicine, Interpretation of Dreams,
Sufism, Bibliography, and Miscellaneous sciences. Among its dictionaries are the two most
comprehensive Arabic-Arabic dictionaries:
Lisan al-'Arab of Ibn
Manzur.
Taj al-'Arus of
Zabidi.
It also contains the Qut
al-qulub of Abu Talib al-Makki, an
important early Sufi compendium.
Nida' al-Iman, a vast online Arabic
book library,
including one of my favorite Arabic books, Kashf al-khafa' and the
important Arabic-Arabic dictionary Qamus al-muhit of
Fayruzabadi.
Al-Islam.com, which in Arabic is titled
"Mawqi' al-Islam" (The Site of Islam), has a large collection of classical Arabic
Islamic texts, among its many aspects. Its Hadith
Library is particularly rich, containing each of the nine major Sunni hadith
collections, as well as the major commentaries on the most important of these
collections, and (toward the top on the right sided) both a basic and sophisticated
search engine (click on "bahth
mutaqqadim" in the middle of the search box) that will
search any or all of the books contained in the
Hadith library, including the commentaries. See as well its Tafsir
Library, containing the Qur'an commentaries (in Arabic) of Tabari, Qurtubi, Ibn
Kathir, and Jalalayn.
Al-Tafsir.comThe most comprehensive online
collection of tafsirs
(Qur'an commentaries). While currently the vast majority of the tafsirs
are all in Arabic (although the
site does contain translations of the Qur'an in numerous languages),
in the future
more Qur'an
commentaries translated into English will also be included. Among the
translations now on-line is the well-known Tafsir al-Jalalayn.
Kitabkhanah-ye
Islami (Islamic
Library) a number of important Islamic texts in Arabic, largely (but by no means
completely) Shi'i texts (fixed Dec. 11, 2003). It contains an online version of the
important
Arabic-Arabic dictionary Lisan al-'arab. This collection includes a
compilation of the names
and brief descriptions of those who were said to have fabricated or forged hadiths.
Al-Wadda'un
wa-ahadithuhum al-mawdu'ah (Fabricators and Their Fabricated Hadith).
al-Shifa (The Healing) of Qadi 'Iyad (d. 544/1149-50), the
Arabic text is online here. This is probably the most important
hagiography of the Prophet Muhammad (s). It has been translated
into English by Ayesha Bewley.
Al-Muhaddith
Islamic Library (fixed March 30, 2007) Readable, Searchable and/or
Downloadable Arabic
Research Library for research in
Arabic primary sources in Islamic Studies. You can also download
Arabic-Arabic, Arabic-English, and English-Arabic dictionaries here.
On-line Arabic
Bookstores
Wakeel
Arabic Book Service This book service (formerly al-Razi Books), based in Amman
will ship you
Arabic books and will also photocopy and bind out of print works.
Leila Books (link fixed 18 August, 2005) is a bookshop in
Cairo where Arabic books can be ordered by e-mail.
Al-Kitab.com, located in
California,has a large
selection of Arabic
Islamic texts with a searchable database.(Link fixed, February 25,
2004.)
AlMaktabah.com is the web
site of Dar al-Kutub al-'ILmiyah, a major publisher of Arabic books in
Beirut. In addition to their own books, they can supply customers with
books published by other publishers.
Arabic Computing, Surfing the
Arabic Web, and Translating
Arabicizing
Your Computer (link fixed January 11, 2007) by
al-Husein N. Madhany in
PDF
format (which is an updated an enhanced version of the original); and an
older version of the same article and in html is
Arabic Windows (html) and in MSWord
format is Arabic Windows (.doc
format) (revised
May,
2004). I highly recommend
this article to anyone who wishes to fully take advantage of the Arabic that
is found on the web as well as any other Arabic computing possibilities.
See also Dr.
Madhany's power point presentation about Arabicizing
Windows.
Arabic Keyboard
Layout This is especially useful for reminding one of where
characters that are not commonly used are located, such as short
vowels and case markers.
Web-based
Translation of Arabic This is a computerized automatic
translation service provided for free by Systran. Although
rudimentary, it is still useful. Go to the box at the bottom of
the screen that
first appears, hit the down arrow and select Arabic to English.
The
Arabic MacIntosh A comprehensive page for Arabic computing on
a Mac.
Aramedia
Group
sells numerous Arabic software packages, including comprehensive
searchable collections of hadith, as well as the Qur'an in Arabic
with
various Arabic commentaries and recited by some of the premier
reciters of
the Muslim world.
Arabic.com has many different
software
packages for both
Arabic word processing as well as Arabic language learning.
(Link fixed, January 9, 2005.)
Links for Arabic Language
and
Culture
Information on the Arabic Script and
Its History at the website of AncientScripts.com. Teach Yourself to Read
Arabic a free service from the DurusulQuran Website. It is helpful to expand the
window to the full size of your screen by clicking on the "expand windows" icon at the
top righthand corner of your screen (in Windows).
On-Line Arabic
Instruction You can learn the Arabic alphabet and some
rudimentary Arabic for free from the first level of this site, which
includes good quality sound from Real Audio, where you can download the
current version of RealPlayer for free (link fixed 18 August, 2005). Lessons 6-9 of the first level
introduce the Arabic script. After you get RealPlayer, you can hear the
sound of each letter of the Arabic alphabet by clicking on it. To repeat
the sound, click on the right-pointing arrow on RealPlayer.
Learning the Arabic
Alphabet Although lacking sound, this is an otherwise comprehensive
site for learning how to read the Arabic alphabet.
Dialogs
from Let's Learn Arabic, the "proficiency" based textbook by
Roger Allen of the University of Pennsylvania. You will need RealAudio for
this.
My Arabic Teacher 2.1 is a
CD-ROM designed by Shaykh Muhammad al-Akili to teach Arabic grammar using
examples from the Qur'an and
other classical Islamic Arabic texts.
Arabic
Calligraphy, a four-part article by the
calligrapher Mamoun Sakkal.
The Six
Major Scripts of Arabic Calligraphy (link fixed 26 December, 2005)
The
Qur'an: Arabic
text and recitation The recitation is by Shaykh Khalil al-Husari and
is considered to be ideal for learning the proper pronunciation of the
Qur'an. Because of the importance of Qur'anic Arabic to Modern Standard
Arabic, students of MSA will find this to be a useful learning tool. Real
Audio 3.0 is needed in order to hear this.
American
Association of Teachers of Arabic (AATA) contains information and
links concering various publications, programs of study, opportunities
(jobs and
grants), software, on-line discussion groups (listservs), and other web
sites in the field of Arabic Studies. (Fixed 17 November 2002.)
LingNet
(Defense Language Institute) Arabic site (link fixed 26 December 2005).
Arabic Language and Culture
Lane's Arabic-Engish Lexicon on
CD-ROM Now available from Fons Vitae Press, this is a necessity for the library of
anyone who is serious about studying classical Arabic and Islam.
Arabic
Newspapers and Media Outlets Online
Al-Masa, Arabic
Newspaper (link fixed 13 March, 2006)
Al-Jumhuriya,
Arabic Newspaper (link fixed 18 August, 2005)
The
Arabic Newsstand (link fixed 18 August, 2005) is a comprehensive list of links to all of the Arabic
on-line newspapers on the Web. It also contains newspapers in English
that deal with the Arab world.
BBC Arabic News Contains both written news and online radio
broadcasts.
Voice of
America (link fixed 18 August, 2005) This site used to contain
radio broadcasts in Arabic, but the Arabic VOA service was
eliminated. There are still broadcasts in
other languages such as Persian (Farsi) and Turkish.
Just choose the language you want from the list. For languages that do not appear on the
main page, choose "other languages," then point and click on the map
for the linguistic region you are interested in.
Transliteration of Arabic: Rules and
Fonts
Rules
For Transliterating
Arabic Although there are a number of
systems for romanizing Arabic, the Library of
Congress system, linked here in "pdf" format
readable with Adobe Acrobat, is probably the
system
most commonly used by scholars. All serious
university level
students of Islamic Studies
and Arabic should learn this system.
(link fixed 26 December, 2005)
Arial
Unicode Unicode is the new industry standard
for fonts, a standard that supercedes the old
ASCII character set of 256 characters. Unicode
contains 40,000 characters, including the
characters of all major and many minor
alphabets. Among the characters are all those
that are necessary for transliterating Arabic.
One drawback to Arial Unicode is that it is
a sans serif font, and hence, although it
is
useful for Web publishing, it (like sans serif
fonts as a whole) is generally regarded as
inferior to a serif font for works that will
appear in print. Arial Unicode can be
purchased at this link; but you will not
need to download it if you have
Microsoft Office 2000 Service Release 1 (SR-1) or Office XP (if you do a full install),
since Arial Unicode is included with them. Once
you have downloaded it, you will be able to read websites that are constructed in
unicode, particularly Arabic websites. You can also download a free and
streamlined Unicode font, Gentium
for Windows and Macintosh OSX or Gentium
for
Macintosh OS9
for transliterating Arabic.
Gentium takes up far less space than
Arial Unicode and is a serif font. If you want to type in
transliterated Arabic (which is essential for scholars of Arabic who
publish in Western languages), you
will need to
assign key strokes to
the transliteration characters. You can do
this from MSWord by selecting "insert" from
the menu at the top of an MSWord document.
Then select "symbol". Then select the font
"Arial Unicode" or "Gentium" from the font menu inside the
"font box" at the top of the page. Then in the
character menu for the symbols, you select the
transliteration character to which you want to
assign keystrokes, then click on "shortcut key"
and assign keystrokes to the transliteration
characters. (If you run into a problem, go to
the
"Help" menu at the top of the MSWord menu, then
click on Microsoft Word Help, then, in the menu
that appears, put "shortcut" in the blank. Then
select "About using shortcut keys." If you are still unsuccessful, read
Arabicizing
Your Computer (link fixed Jan. 11, 2007) a PDF
article by al-Husein N. Madhany (U. of Chicago) that I have noted previously on this
page.
Titus
Cyberbit Basic Font is a serif font that can
be downloaded at this link. This font can
also be used for transliteration of Arabic,
Persian, and Ottoman Turkish. One of its virtues is that you can
download either a Windows or MAC compatible version. (Link fixed,
March, 2004.)
Other
Islamic Languages
Steingass
Persian-English Dictionary This is the online version of the most
useful Persian to English dictionary of classical Persian.
Collection of Persian-Persian
Dictionaries. This is a search engine that simultaneously gives one
the definition of words in major Persian-Persian dictionaries such as
the Lughat'namah of Dehkhoda and the Farhang-e Mo'in, among others.
Islamic
Languages Page at MSA SUNY Buffalo
Persian
Language Learning Resources (link fixed 18 August, 2005)
Lingnet
(Defense Language Institute) Persian/Farsi Resources (link fixed 26 December, 2005)
Learning
Practical Turkish (link fixed 13 March, 2006)
Turkish
Language Learning Resources (link fixed 18 August, 2005)
Turkish--Turkish
Dictionary (link fixed 18 August 2005) This is an extraordinary dictionary. It gives numerous
idiomatic usages of words as well as examples illustrating how the
words are used.
Turkic
Languages A discussion and set of pages on all the Turkic
languages.
Uzbek-English Dictionary by accomplished Uzbek language
specialist, Will Dirks. (Fixed Feb. 4, 2008)
Basic Turkmen (link fixed 18 August 2005)
is a page introducing the text and audio/video cassettes for the
course Basic Turkmen by Dr. Larry Clark. The site also contains an
email address to contact in order to obtain ordering information.
Urdu
Language Learning Resources (link fixed 26 December 2005) Urdu basic language survival guide.
Learn the Urdu
Alphabet Although lacking sound, this is generally well-done site
with many examples useful for learning how to read the Urdu alphabet.
Simple online English-Urdu dictionary.
Urdu-English dictionary.
Searchable dictionary of Urdu and Hindi
Malay
Language Learning Resources (link fixed 18 August 2005) A comprehensive
collection of sites.
Indonesian Language Learning by Center for
Southeast Asian Studies, Northern Illinois University.
|