Religion 4600/6600: Religion and Literature

Dr. Carolyn Jones Medine, Associate Professor of Religion and in the

Institute for African American Studies

E-mail: medine@uga.edu  

Office Hours: MW 12-1 and by appointment on Friday

Office: 19 Peabody Hall                Office Telephone: (706) 542-5356 (messages)

 

Writing Intensive GTA: Dan Marcec, MA Candidate, Religion Department

Course Description

Religion and Literature is a discipline that was developed at the University of Chicago in the 1940Õs and 1950Õs. The desire of the scholars involved was (and of those of us in the discipline now is) to examine the problematic of religion in the modern world.  We explore basic human questions, such as those of identity, community, ethical action, and spirituality and how those have been expressed in literature.  The language of such an exploration, in Western literature, sometimes is specifically Christian; sometimes is interpreting Christian language in new way; and, sometimes is in deep disagreement with Western tradition and seeks a new way.  Often, the religious meanings are developing and hybrid, using a number of traditions in syncretic, Òmixed,Ó ways.

This semester, we are focusing on American writers, in a variety of genres. We will read short story (Poe), novel (Morrison), poetry (Oliver), memoir/autobiography (Ehrlich), and novella/autobiography (Maclean). The questions we will look at include:

 

á       What kind of American self emerges in the modern and postmodern world?

W. E. B. Dubois argued, in The Souls of Black Folks, that one problem of the oppressed person is that he/she develops a double consciousness. Many writers and theorists are seeing this double-consciousness, not just in the oppressed but also in the oppressor. What does it mean to live with a subjectivity—a self—that is divided, always two? How can this be reconciled without becoming a monster?

To examine this, we will look at two writers: Edgar Allan Poe and Toni Morrison. Both write Òhorror fictionÓ and Òdetective fiction,Ó I would argue. PoeÕs is most overt, and he shows us the consciousness, the self in peril, even when it is most reasonable. Morrison introduces us to subtler monsters: ordinary people with secrets. Her novels almost always take place in ÒhauntedÓ houses, on haunted landscapes that shape and resist the characters.

 

á       What are the ways that American writers have thought about healing the divided self and about relating it to the ÒotherÓ—nature, other people, community, and finally, the holy or the sacred or the divine, in whatever way one apprehends the divine. One important sub-theme of this course is the role of nature in American identity and in healing.

Given the need for meaning, what are the images, the metaphors, of potential wholeness, of the religious, available for us to think about, with, and against in the postmodern world?

 

Requirements

1.     Journal                                                                               30%

Write weekly—at least one page. Sometimes I will assign questions. Other times, you should write about what is concerning you, what you want to discuss in class, what insights you have had.

 

2.     Midterm                                                                              20%

The midterm will ask you to identify important themes and characters in the works we have studied to that point. It will cover Poe and Morrison.

 

3.     Paper                                                                                  30%

5-7 pages on the topic of your choice. Your WIP GTA will work with you on this.

 

4.     Final                                                                                  20%

A take-home of two out of three essays of 3-5 pages each.

 

Attendance is mandatory! If you miss over three: Suffer into truth!

 

Grading scale:   98-100=A+

93-97.99 A

89-92.999=A-

86-88.999=B+

83-87.999=B

79-80.999=B-

76-78.999=C+

70-75.9999=C

69 and lower: you need to talk to me! Quickly!

 

Texts (all available in the UGA bookstore): Please use the editions I ordered, so we can be Òon the same page.Ó

Ehrlich, MiriamÕs Kitchen: A Memoir

MacLean, A River Runs Through It and Other Stories

Morrison, Tar Baby

Oliver, New and Selected Poems, Volume Two

Poe, Portable Edgar Allan Poe, Ed. Gerald Kennedy

 

Any handouts that are on-line or given out in class.

 

Course Norms

á       You should come to class on time. You should bring whatever we are working on to class.  Otherwise, why are you here?

á       All work will be done on time.  The information in the course builds on each component, so late work is not acceptable and will not be accommodated.

á       QUIET: No newspapers, crunchy and otherwise noisy food, talking to others, etc.  You know how to behave.  If you are bothering me, you are bothering your classmates.  In other words, you should be focused on this class when you are here.  If you are not, you will be asked to leave.

 

This includes cutting off cell phones (no texting, please), pagers and beeping watches!

 

á       At times, we will be talking about things that are different and that may seem odd or weird to you, in tension with your beliefs and ideas.  Discomfort is to be handled with reflection, not with insult, indifference, and/or insolence.  In plain language, inappropriate language—verbal and body—will not be tolerated.

á       Respect is the order of the day—for your classmates, for the professor, and for the subject matter. 

á       Laptop computers are fine—until I catch someone checking e-mail, looking through the internet, or something like that. Then, all computers will be banned.

 

Honor Code

All academic work must meet the standards contained in ÒA Culture of Honesty.Ó Each student is responsible to inform himself or herself about those standards before performing any academic work.

 

Drop Policy

I will not automatically drop you from the course. If you want to withdraw, please initiate the process yourself.  I will assign a ÒWÓ until after the official midpoint withdrawal of October 14.

 

Brief Outline of the Course: Details will be announced in class: The course syllabus is a general plan for the course; deviations announced to the class by the instructor may be necessary.

 

January 7: Welcome and Introduction

 

LetÕs begin with a very American definition of religion:

 

Religion shall mean for us the feelings, acts, and experiences of individual [human beings] in their solitude, so far as they apprehend themselves to stand in relation to whatever they may consider the divine.

--William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience

 

I.               Enlightenment Reason and Enlightenment Fears: The Crisis of Faith; Or, how to make a monster.

 

Identity is fragile. We both have it given to us, by the culture and family into which we are born and in which we participate, and we make it, by our choices and actions. When either our context betrays us or we betray ourselves, we can find ourselves dislocated. Thoreau argued that most people live Òlives of quiet desperation.Ó Poe takes this statement to its extreme. His characters are either madmen or geniuses, but both types can live only in the dark. Poe lets us examine Enlightenment reason in its binary manifestations: the supremacy of reason in a character like August Dupin, and the fracture of reason in his madmen.

 

January 9:

Edgar Allan Poe, ÒThe Tell-Tale Heart,Ó Òthe Fall of the House of Usher,Ó ÒMurders in the Rue Morgue,Ó


January 11: No class

 

January 14, 16: Poe, continued

January 18: Writing Intensive Day

 

January 21: Martin Luther King Holiday

January 23: Poe, last things

 

January 24: Writing Intensive Day

 

January 28: No class

 

II.             The Postmodern: Toni MorrisonÕs Tar Baby

 

The Enlightenment made a world. It shaped what began in the Reformation and the Age of Exploration, both opening human beings to New Worlds—geographically, psychologically, and spiritually. This Ònew arche,Ó as historian of religions, Charles H. Long calls it—this new origin—fashioned a new human being. DescartesÕ ÒI think; therefore, I amÓ—with most of us forgetting his reconstruction of religion—placed reason at the forefront of what it meant tobe.  W. E. B. DuBois realized that those on whom reason was used, on whom history was made, could not be so triumphant. They, whether Òat homeÓ (the colonized) or in diaspora (the enslaved, the deported and resettled, and/or the lost) suffered a fracture of self.

            What about those we do not deem to have reason—women, slaves and conquered people, and nature—and therefore, over whom those with reason have ÒdominionÓ? The Enlightenment binary constructions—self/other, etc.—made room for terror, exploitation, and abuse. All this happened in located places, Òcontact zonesÓ where those who, in the past, might never have met, found themselves engaged in relationship, often intimate relationship, in altered landscapes and haunted houses.

America is a particular and peculiar construction in this regard. From the ÒdiscoveryÓ of America, to the Pilgrims, to the Òdark and bloody groundÓ of the South to the ÒManifest DestinyÓ that shaped the West, America has been a space formed into place by dreams and by force.

And yetÉFormed by Enlightenment principles, it, nevertheless, has made room for—slowly, late, sometimes grudgingly, and, sometimes, we must confess, marginally—the Òother.Ó

America, Charles Long writes, is a hermeneutic.

           

Morrison explores these issues, the haunting and its consequences for individuals and communities, in probably her most difficult novel, Tar Baby. For Morrison, the outcomes of the Enlightenment and colonial experiments are exile, homelessness, and an inability to love—self or other.

            In this novel, Morrison gives no answers—or few. Like Poe, she diagnoses and presents.

 

January 30-February 22

February 8: Writing Intensive Day

 

Midterm: February 27

 

III.           Living With a Broken Heart: Faith, Practice, and Healing in the Modern World

 

Culture is the repertoire of viable choices that has come to us through generations of human beings who have grappled with the dilemmas of living.

                                    --Giles Gunn

 

Show me how to do what you do. Show me how to be like you.

                                    --Alice Walker, quoting Stevie Wonder

 

The more things you can do, the more choices you have, and the more freedom you possess.

                                    --Carolyn Medine, quoting and expanding Robert Parker

 

March 3-7: Mary Oliver, Poems (to be announced)

 

March 10-14: Spring Break

 

March 17: Oliver, last things

 

March 19-April 10: Ehrlich, MiriamÕs Kitchen

 

March 28: Writing Intensive Day

 

April 14-25: MacLean, A River Runs Through It

 

April 28: Last things: Where are we? Where do we go from here?