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Project Summary:
Terrestrial habitats surrounding isolated wetlands are a critical
resource for many pond-breeding amphibian species, yet few studies
have examined the terrestrial distribution of post-metamorphic
juveniles and adults. We used an encircling drift fence at a breeding
pond in conjunction with partial fences at 90, 172, and 332 m from the
wetland to estimate the distribution of adult marbled salamanders (Ambystoma
opacum; 3 years) and mole salamanders (A. talpoideum; 1
year), as well the habitat use of juvenile A. opacum (1 year).
In general the form of the distribution of animals was one of
exponential decay, and not a normal distribution as has been reported
previously. For juvenile A. opacum, 80% of newly metamorphosed
animals dispersed to Zone 1 (10-89 m from the wetland boundary), 10%
to Zone 2 (90-171 m), 6% to Zone 3 (172-331 m), and 4% to Zone 4
(beyond 332 m). Distribution of adult A. opacum varied among
years, but an average of 27% (range 21-32%) occurred in Zone 3 or
beyond in all years. Forty percent of adult A. talpoideum
occurred in Zone 1, with 15%, 25%, and 20% distributed in Zones 2-4,
respectively. Knowledge of the shape of the terrestrial distribution
function is important due the strong influence it has on the buffer
zone area required to capture 50% or 95% of the population. Our
results indicate that, compared to a normal distribution, a
distribution that mimics a two-phase exponential decay model may
require a smaller area to protect 50% of the populations of these two
ambystomatid salamander species, but a larger area would be needed to
protect 95%. |